| Accommodation and Convergence, Anomalies of Convergence. |
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Hae Jung Paik, Hyun Taek Lim |
1Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea. hjpaik@gilhospital.com
2Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. |
| 조절과 눈모음 및 눈모음이상 |
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백혜정1⋅임현택2 |
Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center1, Incheon, Korea
Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine2, Seoul, Korea |
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| Abstract |
PURPOSE
Accommodation and convergence, the main factors of near vision complex on near vision associated with miosis are essential ocular movements for binocularity. Therefore, we attempted to find appropriate treatments for anomalies of accommodation and convergence. METHODS: The basic theories and anomalies of accommodation and convergence were reviewed. Various treatment modalities for anomalies of convergence were discussed and treatment guidelines were proposed. RESULTS: Anomalies of convergence were classified into convergence insufficiency, convergence insufficiency associated with accommodative insufficiency, convergence paralysis, convergence spasm, and convergence excess. Treatment was divided into non-surgical and surgical methods which include not only vision therapy and optical treatment using a prism after cycloplegic refraction, but also rectus muscle surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of effective treatments according to various causes is necessary for anomalies of accommodation and convergence through complete eye examinations. Thus, not only simple refractive error measurement and glasses prescription for best corrected visual acuity are necessary, but also active treatment by fundamental ophthalmic and neurologic evaluation in hospitals. |
| Key Words:
Accommodation;Anomalies of convergence;Convergence;Fundamental ophthalmic examination;Vision therapy |
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